|
__NOTOC__ The Prague school or Prague linguistic circle〔(チェコ語:Pražský lingvistický kroužek), (ロシア語:Пражский лингвистический кружок) ''Pražskij lingvističeskij kružok'', (フランス語:Cercle linguistique de Prague).〕 was an influential〔George Steiner. Linguistics and Poetics. In Extraterritorial. 1972. 137ff.〕 group of literary critics and linguists in Prague. Its proponents developed methods of structuralist literary analysis〔("Semiotic poetics of the Prague Scholl (Prague School)" ): entry in the ''Encyclopedia Or Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms'', University of Toronto Press, 1993.〕 and a theory of the standard language and of language cultivation during the years 1928–1939. The linguistic circle was founded in the Café Derby in Prague, which is also where meetings took place during its first years.〔Roman Jakobson: ''My Futurist Years'', New York 1992, p. 86〕 The Prague School has had a significant continuing influence on linguistics and semiotics. Following the Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948, the circle was disbanded in 1952, but the Prague School continued as a major force in linguistic functionalism (distinct from the Copenhagen school or English Firthian — later Hallidean — linguistics). American scholar Dell Hymes cites his 1962 paper, "The Ethnography of Speaking," as the formal introduction of Prague functionalism to American linguistic anthropology. The Prague structuralists also had a significant influence on structuralist film theory, especially through the introduction of the ostensive sign.〔Acting and Performance in Moving Image Culture: Bodies, Screens, Renderings. p. 307〕 The Prague linguistic circle included the Russian émigrés Roman Jakobson, Nikolai Trubetzkoy, and Sergei Karcevskiy, as well as the famous Czech literary scholars René Wellek and Jan Mukařovský. The instigator of the circle, and its first president until his death in 1945, was the Czech linguist Vilém Mathesius. In 1929 the Circle promulgated its theses in a paper submitted to the First Congress of Slavists. "The programmatic 1929 Prague ''Theses'', surely one of the most imposing linguistic edifices of the 20th century, incapsulated () the functionalist credo." In the late 20th century, English translations of the Circle's seminal works were published by the Czech linguist Josef Vachek in several collections. Also in 1929, the group launched a journal, ''Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Prague''. World War II brought an end to it. The ''Travaux'' was briefly resurrected in 1966–1971. The inaugural issue was devoted to the political science concept of center and periphery. It was resurrected yet again in 1995. The group's Czech language work is published in ''Slovo a slovesnost'' (Word and Literature). == Members == * Petr Bogatyrev (cs) (ru) * František Čermák (cs) * Miroslav Červenka (cs) (de) * Bohuslav Havránek (cs) (ru) * Tomáš Hoskovec (cs) * Josef Hrabák (cs) (ru) * Roman Jakobson * Sergej Karcevskij, i.e. Sergej Josifovič Karcevskij (cs) (ru) * Oldřich Leška (cs) * Alena Macurová (cs) * Vilém Mathesius * Jan Mukařovský * Karel Oliva (cs) * Vladimír Skalička (cs) (ru) * Bohumil Trnka (cs) * Pavel Trost (cs) (de) * Nikolai Trubetzkoy * Josef Vachek (cs) * Jiří Veltruský * Miloš Weingart * René Wellek ; Contributors: * Aleksandar Belić, president of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (sr), (it) * Émile Benveniste * Karl Bühler * Albert Willem de Groot * Daniel Jones * André Martinet * Ladislav Matejka * Lucien Tesnière * Valentin Voloshinov ; Influences * Baudouin de Courtenay * Filipp Fedorovich Fortunatov, the founder of the Moscow linguistic circle * Ferdinand de Saussure〔Linguistics. Volume 7, Issue 53, (pages 100–127 ).〕 ; Influenced: * Noam Chomsky * Joseph Greenberg * Jiří Levý * Dell Hymes * Alf Sommerfelt * Jože Toporišič * Michael Halliday * Viktor Shklovsky * Emilio Alarcos * Michael Silverstein * Jan Firbas * Lubomír Doležel * Austin Warren * Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay * Louis Hjelmslev * Jaroslav Vacek * Jaroslav Peregrin * Tartu–Moscow Semiotic School 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prague school」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|